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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus extended-release (Tac-ER) in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 68 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from 34 pairs of renal allografts were retrospectively analyzed. Two recipients who received bilateral kidneys from the same donor were treated with Tac-ER (Tac-ER group) and tacrolimus immediate-release (Tac-IR) (Tac-IR group) as one of the basic immunosuppressant. The changes of tacrolimus dosage and blood concentration, intra-patient variability (IPV), renal function, incidence of acute rejection, recipient and allograft survival rates and adverse events were statistically compared between two groups. Results The average daily dose of tacrolimus in the Tac-ER group was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (F=8.386, P=0.005). In the Tac-ER group, the mean trough concentration at postoperative 4 d was (6.14±4.04) ng/mL, did not reach the target concentration, significantly lower than (9.41±5.47) ng/mL in the Tac-IR group (F=7.854, P=0.007). In the Tac-ER group, the IPV of trough concentration of tacrolimus within postoperative 1 month was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (0.44±0.15 vs. 0.36±0.12, P=0.032). At postoperative 6 months, there was no significant difference in the renal function between two groups [serum creatinine level was (126±26) μmol/L vs. (120±28) μmol/L, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was (56±13) mL/(min·1.73 m2) vs. (60±15) mL/(min·1.73 m2), both P > 0.05]. The allograft and recipient survival rates were 100% in both groups. The incidence of acute rejection within postoperative 1 month was 18% in the Tac-ER group and 3% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse events was 94% in the Tac-ER group and 97% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of Tac-ER are equivalent to those of Tac-IR, whereas a higher dose of Tac-ER should be orally given to reach the blood concentration similar to that of Tac-IR. During early-stage drug treatment, Tac-ER should be orally given before kidney transplantation or inittally with loading dose, aiming to increase the systemic exposure to tacrolimus early after kidney transplantation and prevent acute rejection caused by insufficient exposure.
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Objective To prepare specific mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human adenovirus type 55 Hexon protein (HAdV55 Hexon). Methods The Hexon genes of HAdV55, 3, 4, 7, 16 and 21 were chemically synthesized as templates for PCR amplification. The prokaryotic expression plasmids pET28a-HAdV55 Hexon and eukaryotic expression plasmids pCAGGS-HAdV3, 4, 7, 16, 21 and 55 Hexon were constructed respectively. The pET28a-HAdV55 Hexon plasmid was transformed into E. coli competent cell BL21 (DE3) and was induced by IPTG. After the purified inclusion body was denatured and renatured, Hexon55 protein was purified by tangential flow filtration system. pCAGGS-HAdV55 Hexon was used to immunize BALB/c mice by cupping, and HAdV55 Hexon protein was used to booster immunization. The anti-HAdV55 Hexon mAb was prepared by hybridoma technique and the titer and subclass were determined. The specificity of antibody was identified by Western blot using HEK293T cells transfected with pCAGGS-HAdV55 Hexon and by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using BHK cells transfected with pCAGGS-HAdV55 Hexon. Both clones with high titer were selected, and the cross-reactivity of pCAGGS-HAdV3, 4, 7, 16, 21 and 55 Hexon transfected cells were analyzed by Western blot analysis and IFA. Results PET28a-HAdV55 Hexon and pCAGGS-HAdV55 Hexon, 3, 4, 7, 16 and 21 expression plasmids were successfully constructed. BL21 transformed with pET28a-HAdV55 Hexon was induced by IPTG. The HAdV55 Hexon protein was mainly expressed in the form of inclusion body. After denaturation and renaturation, the purified HAdV55 Hexon protein was obtained by ultrafiltration. Six hybridoma cell lines secreting HAdV55 Hexon mAb were obtained. The antibody subclass analysis showed that 2 strains were IgG2a subtypes and 4 strains were IgG2b. Two specific HAdV55 Hexon antibodies with high titer were obtained, and there was no cross-reactivity with HAdV3, 4, 7, 16, 21 Hexon. Conclusion The specific mice mAb against HAdV55 Hexon provides an experimental basis for establishing its antigen detection method.
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Animals , Mice , Humans , Adenoviruses, Human/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , HEK293 Cells , Isopropyl Thiogalactoside , Blotting, Western , Immunoglobulin G , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Antibody Specificity , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
Objective:To explore any effect of following an individualized exercise program on the cardio-pulmonary health of elderly persons with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:A total of 120 elderly COPD patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each of 60. Both groups were given medication and routine rehabilitation treatment for 3 months, but the experimental group also followed an individualized exercise program based on the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Before and after the treatment, Borg scoring was used to assess the subjects′ degree of dyspnea. Forced expiratory volume (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max), anaerobic threshold (AT), heart rate (HR) and a heart index (CI) were also recorded. The 6-minute walk test (6 MWD) was administered to evaluate the rehabilitation effect. Results:There were no significant differences in the average Borg scores, cardiopulmonary function indexes or 6MWD distances between the two groups before treatment. After the treatment significant improvement was observed in all of the measurements in both groups, but at that point all of the experimental group′s averages were better than those of the control group.Conclusion:Individualized exercise based on the cardiopulmonary exercise test can alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea in elderly COPD patients, improve their cardiopulmonary functioning and exercise endurance and improve the rehabilitation effect.
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Objective To investigate the predictive and diagnostic value of absolute value and function of different lymphocyte subsets in evaluating the risk of early viral infection after kidney transplantation. Methods Ninety-five kidney transplant recipients were enrolled in this prospective observational cohort study, and divided into the stable group (n=77) and infection group (n=18) according to postoperative immune status. Peripheral blood samples were collected for flow cytometry before operation, and 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months after operation. The dynamic changes of the absolute values of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and natural killer (NK) cells were compared between two groups. The function of lymphocyte subsets in two groups was evaluated by detecting the proportion of interferon (IFN)-γ+CD4+T cells, IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells. The value of the absolute values and function of lymphocyte subsets in predicting and diagnosing viral infection in the early stage after kidney transplantation was evaluated. Results During viral infection, the absolute values of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and NK cells in the infection group were at a relatively low level. At 2 months after operation, the absolute values of CD4+T cells and NK cells in the infection group were lower than those in the stable group. At 6 months after operation, the absolute values of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in the infection group were significantly lower compared with those in the stable group (all P < 0.05). During viral infection, the proportion of IFN-γ+CD4+T cells, IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells in the infection group were all at a relatively low level, especially that of IFN-γ+CD8+T cells decreased most significantly. At postoperative 2 months, the proportion of IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells in the infection group was significantly higher than those in the stable group. At 6 months after operation, the proportion of IFN-γ+CD4+T cells and IFN-γ+CD8+T cells in the infection group was significantly higher than those in the stable group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the increasing proportion of IFN-γ+CD8+T cells and IFN-γ+NK cells was correlated with the increasing risk of viral infection at 2 months after operation (both P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that the diagnostic value of absolute values of lymphocyte subsets combined with IFN-γ secretion function for viral infection in the immunocompromised recipients was significantly higher than that of absolute values of lymphocyte subsets alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dynamic monitoring of the changes of absolute values and function of lymphocyte subsets provides critical reference value for the prediction, diagnosis and medication guidance of viral infection.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of balloon compression-assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (bc-EIS) for esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.Methods:From December 2020 to April 2021, cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices who planned to receive endoscopic treatment in the Department of Gastroenterology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were selected and randomly divided into the trial group (treated with bc-EIS) and the control group [treated with endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL)] through computer randomization. The varices eradication rate, rebleeding rate and postoperative adverse reactions in the two groups were studied.Results:During the study, 93 cases were initially included according to inclusion criteria, among which 9 cases were excluded by exclusion criteria. Finally, 84 cases were included for data analysis, with 42 cases in each group. The esophageal varices eradication rate after the first treatment in the trial group was 88.10% (37/42), which was significantly higher than that in the control group [33.33% (14/42)] ( χ2=26.40, P<0.001). The esophageal varices eradication rate after 1 to 2 times and 1 to 3 times of treatment in the trial group were both significantly higher than those in the control group [97.62% (41/42) VS 40.48% (17/42), χ2=29.47, P<0.001; 100.00% (42/42) VS 45.24% (19/42), P<0.001]. The maximum follow-up period was 6 months, and none of the patients had rebleeding in the trial group, and the rebleeding rate in the control group was 4.76% (2/42) ( P=0.494). The incidence of thoracic and abdominal discomfort, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal distension in the trial group and control group were 26.19% (11/42) and 35.71% (15/42) ( χ2=0.51, P=0.474), 2.38% (1/42) and 7.14% (3/42) ( χ2=0.26, P=0.608), and 4.76% (2/42) and 11.90% (5/42) ( χ2=0.62, P=0.430), respectively. No other adverse events such as infection, dysphagia, perforation, esophageal tracheal fistula, esophageal stenosis, or ectopic embolism occurred in any group. Conclusion:Bc-EIS is effective and safe for the treatment of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis, with a one-time varices eradication rate of more than 85%, and can be completely eradicated after 1 to 3 times of treatment.
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Objective:To analyze the current situation of public health management and public health services in public hospitals at the second level and above in Anhui Province, for references for the government to formulate relevant policies.Methods:A stratified whole-group random sampling method was used to investigate the current status of public health services provided by 55 public hospitals at the second level and above in Anhui Province. The contents of the questionnaire included the establishment of public health management departments, operation and public health services. Descriptive analysis was conducted for all data, and chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Results:Of the 55 hospitals, only one tertiary hospital had a separate public health department, while the public health management works of the other hospitals were scattered among the hospital infection department, medical affairs department, preventive health department and so on. 32 hospitals putted the public health services into their performance appraisal. Among the public health services provided by hospitals, the management of infectious disease diagnosis and treatment presented the best performance, as 55 hospitals had established relevant management systems, processes, business training, infectious disease reporting and other information systems. Mental health service presented the poorest performance, as only 36 hospitals had established relevant management systems.Conclusions:The public health management and service level of public hospitals in Anhui Province needed to be further improved. The government authorities should strengthen their top-level design and coordinate the public health department setup and performance evaluation mechanism of public hospitals from the institutional level. On the other hand, the public hospitals should constantly optimize their content of public health services, complement the weaknesses, and effectively improve the level of public health services based on respective conditions of the hospitals.
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Objective:To investigate the disease spectrum referred from the community health service centers to the district tertiary hospital in the region.Method:The data of the referred patients from the community health service centers to Shanghai Yangpu District Hospital-a tertiary hospital in the region from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected. The composition and characteristics of the disease spectrum of the referred patients were analyzed.Results:The number of patient visits to the community health service centers in the region was increased from 4 684 938 in 2016 to 4 776 921 in 2019. The number of patient referral from the community centers to Yangpu Hospital was increased from 3 125 in 2016 to 6 853 in 2019. There were total 18 308 patients referred in 4 years, including 8 012 males (43.8%) and 10 296 females (56.2%). The age range of referred patients was from 1 to 99 years, including 53 referred patients aged ≤ 18 (0.3%), 927 aged 19-39 (5.1%), 2 831 aged 40-59 (15.5%), 4 424 aged 60-79 (62.2%) and 1 209 aged ≥ 80 (17%). The top five systems of diseases, which accounted more than 60% of total diseases, were circulatory system, endocrine nutrition and metabolic system, urogenital system, eye and appendage, and digestive system. Compared with male patients, more female patients with urogenital diseases were referred.Conclusion:The referral rate of community health service centers were increased from 2016 to 2019. The referred patients cover all age groups, more frequently in age group 60-79. The diseases of referred patients cover all system, and are different between males and females.
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ObjectiveTo explore the influence of structure and process variables on the satisfaction of government purchasing pension service quality based on framework of Donabedian Three-Dimensional Quality Model, Community-based Rehabilitation Guideline and Rehabilitation in Health System. MethodsFrom June to December, 2019, 952 elderly from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in Hunan were randomly selected. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the influence of structure and process variables on satisfaction of home care and institutional care service quality. ResultsThe satisfaction degree of rehabilitation service quality for older adults was generally abvoe the average level with the score of (21.19±6.84). And the score was higher in the institutional rehabilitation (23.06±7.67) than in the home rehabilitation (19.31±6.85) (t = 7.93, P = 0.001). Among the structural variables, only staffs training could predict the satisfaction of rehabilitation service (B = 0.088, P < 0.05), and finance was not significant (P > 0.05) after adding process variables. The effect of process variables on satisfaction degree of quality of rehabilitation services was greater than that of structural variables. Information obtaining, autonomy, trust and treat with respect had significant positive effects on rehabilitation service of all the elderly (B = 0.282~0.410, P < 0.05). ConclusionProcess variables are important determinants for satisfaction of rehabilitation service quality. Relevant departments should pay more attention on service process factors such as the interaction between service personnel and the elderly.
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Male nurses are an important force in clinical nursing team and play an important role in clinical nursing; with the increasing number of clinical male nurses, nursing managers pay more attention to male nurses. Starting from the career development of male nurses, this paper summarized the professional advantages, practical difficulties, psychological state and future development trend of male nurses, which provided theoretical support for the self-development of clinical male nurses and the clinical positioning of male nurses by nursing managers. It laid a foundation for male nurses to play a key role in clinical practice.
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Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of inflatable balloon compression-assisted endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (bc-EIS) in the treatment of esophago-gastric fundal varices (EGV).Methods:From June 12 to September 12, 2020, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 38 patients with EGV who underwent bc-EIS were prospectively selected, the amount and the injection points of sclerosing medication were calculated, whether the injection point was bleeding during operation (no bleeding, oozing, spurting), whether compression was needed to stop bleeding (no need, needle sheath compression to stop bleeding, transparent cap compression to stop bleeding), early rebleeding after operation (72 h to 6 weeks after operation), delayed bleeding (six weeks after operation) were observed, and the number of treatments to achieve the complete elimination of varices were recorded. The postoperative follow-up period was one, three and six months to evaluate the efficacy and complications of bc-EIS. Descriptive methods were used for statistical analysis.Results:Among the 38 patients with EGV, there were 24 males and 14 females, aged (53.2±11.3) years old (ranged from 30 to 79 years old). During bc-EIS operation, the dosage of sclerosing medication of each patient was (20.03 ±7.49) mL (ranged from 6 to 40 mL), and the injection points of sclerosing medication were 4.97±1.83 (ranged from 2 to 10). The rates of complete disappearance of varices after the first, second and third time of bc-EIS were 71.1% (27/38), 89.5% (34/38) and 100.0% (38/38), respectively. Among the 38 patients with EGV, no postoperation varices related rebleeding occurred. During the follow-up two patients had hematemesis and melena within one month after operation. The endoscopic diagnosis was gastric varices bleeding below the cardia, which was improved after tissue glue injection under endoscopy. No severe adverse reactions such as fever, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, ectopic embolism, or death occurred in all patients after bc-EIS treatment.Conclusions:The dosage of sclerosing medication in bc-EIS is reduced by half compared with the recommended amount in the guidelines, and the injection point bleeding is less, moreover, the rate of complete disappearance rate of esophageal varices is more than 70% after the first treatment.
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Objective:To compare the difference of epileptiform discharges detection in patients with epilepsy between the 25 electrodes electroencephalogram (EEG) system proposed by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology in 2017 and the previous 19 electrodes EEG system.Methods:Patients suspected of epilepsy or with confirmed epilepsy who need a follow-up EEG were collected in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from March 2018 to November 2019, and conventional video-EEG recording was performed on all patients for two hours with the standard 25 electrodes EEG system. Two neurophysiologists reviewed the recordings blindly using the 19 electrodes system and the 25 electrodes system, marking the epileptiform discharges and their amplitudes. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 403 patients were included in the study, in which 263 cases were diagnosed as epilepsy, including 129 cases of generalized epilepsy, 115 cases of temporal lobe epilepsy, 13 cases of frontal lobe epilepsy, two cases of parietal lobe epilepsy and four cases of occipital lobe epilepsy. In 115 temporal lobe epilepsy patients, 76 (66.09%) and 100 (86.96%) records were detected epileptiform discharges by the 19 or 25 electrodes EEG system respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.939, P<0.001). While in patients with non-temporal lobe epilepsy, there was not statistically significant difference between the two systems. In 76 patients whose temporal epileptiform discharges were detected by the two systems, the amplitudes of epileptiform discharges in the newly-added inferior temporal electrodes (F9/F10, T9/T10, P9/P10) and the original temporal electrodes (F7/F8, T7/T8, P7/P8) were (61.53±22.64) μV and (48.25±20.90) μV, respectively, with statistically significant difference between the two groups ( t=5.486, P<0.001). In patients with abnormal [79.59% (39/49) vs 61.22% (30/49), χ2=3.967, P=0.046] and normal [95.45% (42/44) vs 70.45% (31/44), χ2=9.724, P=0.003] imaging, the ability of the 25 electrodes EEG system to detect epileptiform discharges was higher than that of the 19 electrodes EEG system. Conclusion:The 25 electrodes EEG system can significantly improve the detection ability of temporal epileptiform discharges in patients with epilepsy, which is recommended for regular use to increase the detection ability of temporal area abnormal wave and assist the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.
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OBJECTIVES@#At present, the research on clear aligner of molar distalization mainly focuses on the upper jaw, while the research on mandibular molars is few.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of mandibular molars distalization with clear aligner via cone beam CT (CBCT) and Dolphin software.@*METHODS@#Twenty cases of mandibular molars with clear aligner were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CBCT was taken before treatment (T0) and when the first molar was moved in place (T1). Dolphin software was used to measure the effectiveness of molar distalization. Three-dimensional changes in direction and the impact on the incisors and facial soft and hard tissues were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The effective rates of crown and root distalization of the second and first mandibular molars were 74%, 49%, and 71%, 47%, respectively. The second and first molars were both the distal buccal cusp with the largest distalization [(2.15 ± 0.91) mm and (1.85±1.09) mm], respectively, with significant difference between the T0 and T1 (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Clear aligner can effectively move mandibular molars farther, the crown is more effective than the root, and it is tilted. The second mandibular molar is more effective than the first mandibular molar in its distant displacement and three-dimensional changes. Molar distalization causes minor changes in mandibular incisors and facial soft and hard tissues.
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Cephalometry , Maxilla , Molar , Orthodontic Appliances, Removable , Tooth Movement TechniquesABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. It is an aggressive tumor with a tendency to spread to the lung, which is the most common site of metastasis. Patients with advanced OS with metastases have poor prognoses despite the application of chemotherapy, thus highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of OS is confirmed to be essential for and supportive of tumor growth and dissemination. The immune component of the OS microenvironment is mainly composed of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In OS, TAMs promote tumor growth and angiogenesis and upregulate the cancer stem cell-like phenotype. However, TAMs inhibit the metastasis of OS. Therefore, much attention has been paid to investigating the mechanism of TAMs in OS development and the progression of immunotherapy for OS. In this article, we aim to summarize the roles of TAMs in OS and the major findings on the application of TAMs in OS treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of intelligent hand hygiene monitoring system on hand washing compliance and the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the hand hygiene compliance of medical staff and works at different seasons in 2018. The daily doses of hand sanitizer patients in each quarter of 2017 and 2018, the microbial contamination of the hands before the medical staff contacted the patients, the overall hospital infection rate and the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections were calculated and compared.Results:The hand-washing compliance rate of medical staff and workers were increased in 2018. Compared with daily doses of hand sanitizer patients in 2017 and 2018, there was significant difference ( F value was 4.99, P<0.05). In 2018, the qualified rate of microbial contamination in the hands of medical staff before contacting patients was higher than in 2017: 91.5%(43/47) vs. 51.1%(23/45), there was significant difference ( χ2 value was 92, P<0.05) . The rate of hospital infection and catheter-related bloodstream infections were 1.57%(30/1 907), 0.5%(6/1 158) in 2018 and 3.11%(57/1 843), 1.6%(17/1 095) in 2017, there was significant difference ( χ2 values were 9.551, 5.959, P<0.05). Conclusions:The intelligent control hand hygiene monitoring system can improve the hand-washing compliance of medical staff and workers, reduce microbial contamination in the hands of medical staff, thereby reducing the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections.
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Background: The high incidence of gastrointestinal motility disorders in the elderly may be related to the aging of myenteric plexus (MP). Aims: To investigate the aging-associated morphological changes of colonic MP in rats. Methods: Fourteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6-, 18- and 25-month-old groups. HE staining was used to evaluate the morphological changes of MP and its neurons; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the amount of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), acetylcholine esterase (AChE), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and c-kit positive cells. Results: There were significant differences in area of ganglions (H=8.14, P=0.02), density of ganglions (F=4.12, P=0.046), area of neuronal cell bodies (F=9.60, P=0.00), area of neuronal cell nucleus (H=9.29, P=0.01), number of neurons per ganglion (F=7.60, P=0.01) and numbers of PGP9.5 positive neurons (F=26.11, P=0.00), AChE positive neurons (H=11.83, P=0.00), nNOS positive neurons (F=20.77, P=0.00) and c-kit positive cells (F=14.25, P=0.00) among the three groups. Compared with 6-month-old group, area of ganglions, area of cell bodies, area of cell nucleus in 18-, 25-months-old groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), while density of ganglions, number of neurons per ganglion and numbers of PGP9.5 positive neurons, AChE positive neurons, nNOS positive neurons and c-kit positive cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions: There are obvious signs of MP ageing (or degeneration) and compensation associated with aging, which may be closely related with the decline in gastrointestinal motility and high incidence of gastrointestinal motility disorders in the elderly.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a child with dihydropyrimidase (DHP) deficiency.@*METHODS@#High-throughput sequencing was carried out for the child. Suspected variants were verified by using Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The proband was found to carry compound heterozygous variants of the DPYS gene, namely c.1468C>T (a missense variant) and c.1339-1363del (a frameshifting variant).@*CONCLUSION@#The compound heterozygous variants of the DPYS gene probably underlie the DHP in this child. Above result has enabled genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for his parents.
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Genetic information of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers, one of the main tools of genetics and genomics research in wheat, have been well documented in wheat. However, the physical position in relation to these markers has not yet been systematically characterized. Aim of this study was to characterize the physical information of thousands of widely usedmolecular markers.We first assigned 2705 molecular markers to wheat physical map, of which 86.1% and 84.7% were the best hits to chromosome survey sequencing (CSS) project (CSS-contigs) and International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Reference Sequence v1.0 (IWGSC RefSeq v1.0), respectively. Physical position of 96.2% markers were predicated based on BLAST analysis, were in accordance with that of the previous nullisomic/aneuploidy/linkage analysis. A suggestive high-density physical map with 4643 loci was constructed, spanning 14.01 Gb (82.4%) of the wheat genome, with 3.02Mb between adjacent markers. Both forward and reverse primer sequences of 1166 markers had consistent best hits to IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 based on BLAST analysis, and the corresponding allele sizes were characterized. A detailed physical map with 1532 loci was released, spanning 13.93 Gb (81.9%) of the wheat genome, with 9.09Mb between adjacent markers. Characteristic of recombination rates in different chromosomal regions was discussed. In addition, markers with multiple sites were aligned to homoeologous sites with a consistent order, confirming that a collinearity existed among A, B and D subgenomes. This study facilitates the integration of physical and genetical information of molecular markers, which could be of value for use in genetics and genomics research such as gene/QTL map-based cloning and marker-assisted selection.
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Objective? To?investigate?the?effect?of?histone?methyltransferase?(EZH2)?inhibitor?on?the?polarization??of?peritoneal?macrophages?in?septic?mice.? Methods? Thirty-six?healthy?male?C57BL/6J?mice?were?divided?into?three?groups?by?random?number?table?method?(n?=?12):?sham?operated?group?(Sham?group),?sepsis?model?group?(CLP?group)??and?EZH2?inhibitor?treatment?group?(CLP+3-DZNeP?group).?Sepsis?animal?model?was?established?by?cecum?ligation?and?puncture?(CLP);?Sham?group?was?challenged?only?by?cecum?traction?without?ligation.?3-Deazaneplanocin?A?(3-DZNeP)?1?mg/kg?was?intraperitoneal?injected?24?hours?before?and?1?hour?after?CLP?in?CLP+3-DZNeP?group.?Eight?mice?in?each?group?were?sacrificed?at?24?hours?after?surgery.?The?levels?of?proinflammatory?cytokines?interleukin-6??(IL-6)?and?tumor?necrosis?factor-α(TNF-α)?in?peritoneal?lavatory?fluid?were?detected?by?high?throughput?liquid?protein?chip.?The?expression?levels?of?inducible?nitrogenase?(iNOS)?and?macrophage?mannose?receptor?(CD206)?were?analyzed?by?flow?cytometry.?Mouse?peritoneal?macrophages?were?isolated?and?purified?by?adherent?method,?the?protein?expressions?of?EZH2,?peroxisome?proliferator-activated?receptorγ(PPARγ)?were?detected?by?Western?Blot.?The?remaining?4?mice?? were?sacrificed?at?48?hours?after?surgery,?the?histopathological?changes?of?lung?and?kidney?tissue?were?evaluated?by?hematoxylin-eosin?(HE)?staining.? Results? Compared?with?Sham?group,?the?infiltration?of?inflammatory?cells?in?lung?and?kidney?of?the?CLP?group,?the?levels?of?IL-6?and?TNF-α?in?peritoneal?lavatory?fluid?were?significant?increased??[IL-6?(ng/L):?7?794.75±405.56?vs.?78.63±74.09,?TNF-α(ng/L):?147.25±25.19?vs.?18.20±5.03,?both?P?<?0.01],?the?percentage?of?M1?type?macrophages?was?significantly?increased?[iNOS+?F4/80+:?(13.18±8.80)%?vs.?(1.57±0.77)%,?P?<?0.05],?and?the?protein?expression?of?EZH2?was?significantly?increased?(EZH2/GAPDH:?0.84±0.11?vs.?0.11±0.03,?P?<?0.01),?while?the?protein?expression?of?PPARγ?was?significantly?decreased?(PPARγ/GAPDH:?0.09±0.01?vs.?0.27±0.09,?P?<?0.01).?Compared?with?CLP?group,?the?histopathological?changes?of?lung?and?kidney?in?CLP+3-DZNeP?group?were?significantly?alleviated,?the?levels?of?IL-6?and?TNF-α?in?peritoneal?lavatory?fluid?were?significantly?decreased?[IL-6?(ng/L):?4?207.10±876.60?vs.?7?794.75±405.56,?TNF-α(ng/L):?63.00±25.37?vs.?147.25±25.19,?both?P <?0.01?],?the?percentage?of?M1?type?macrophages?was?significantly?decreased?[iNOS+?F4/80+:?(3.64±0.89)%?vs.?(13.18±8.80)%,??P?<?0.05],?while?the?percentage?of?M2?type?macrophages?was?significantly?increased?[CD206+?F4/80+:?(17.68±5.63)%?vs.?(7.60±3.17)%,?P?<?0.01],?the?protein?expression?of?EZH2?was?significantly?decreased?(EZH2/GAPDH:?0.53±0.09?vs.?0.84±0.11,?P?<?0.05),?and?the?protein?expression?of?PPARγ?was?significantly?increased?(PPARγ/GAPDH:?0.39±0.14?vs.?0.09±0.01,?P?<?0.05).? Conclusions? Sepsis?induces?high?expression?of?EZH2?in?peritoneal?macrophages,?and?may?induce?polarization?of?M1?type?macrophages?by?inhibiting?the?expression?of?PPARγ?protein.?EZH2?inhibitor?3-DZNeP?can?lessen?the?inflammatory?cytokines?release?by?inhibiting?the?M1?type?macrophages?polarization.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the role ofprostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the protective effect ofpolaprezinc on acute gastric mucosal damage.Methods:A total of 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows:A blank group,a model group,and a polaprezinc group.The blank group was fed normally.As for the model group and the polaprezinc group,the rats were given 1 mL ethanol (intragastrical administration) first,then they were treated with vehicle (1 mL distilled water) or polaprezinc treatment (100 mg/kg) 1 h later.On the 3rd day,rats in each group were fasting for 24 h before gastric administration.After 2 h of gastric administration,5 mL of intraperitoneal blood was collected,centrifuged and stored at-80 ℃ for the detection of EGF and PGE2.Gastric tissue was collected for anatomic and pathological assessment.Results:Polaprezinc reduced gastric mucosa injury in the polaprezinc group compared to the model group.Compared with the blank group,the levels of PGE2 and EGF in blood serum were significantly decreased in the model group and the polaprezinc group (P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between the model group and the polaprezinc group (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Polaprezinc can provide effective protection for acute mucosal injury and the underlying mechanism is not directly related to PGE2 and EGF.
ABSTRACT
It is reported that fibrotic changes seemed to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with organ dysfunction, unfortunately no effective treatment existed currently. Recent studies have demonstrated that macrophages can interact with epithelial cells to induce epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) which is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of a variety of fibrotic diseases. Therefore, this review will summarize the potential role of macrophages in the molecular mechanisms of EMT-associated fibrosis. We aimed to provide a possible therapeutic approaches for the fibrotic diseases.